History of Indentured Servitute in America

George Washington Crossing the Delaware
George Washington Crossing the Delaware

1607

The founding of Jamestown

The Jamestown Settlement is founded in modern-day Virginia and is under the effect of the Statute of Artificers from the English Parliament. This statute had revised hundreds of years’ worth of laws regarding indentured servitude.

1618

The Great Charter

The Virginia Company of London issues its Great Charter, which establishes the General Assembly to govern the new colonies.

Black Africans brought to Virginia
Black Africans brought to Virginia

1619

Laws Concerning Indentured Servants

The General Assembly passes the Laws Concerning Indentured Servants. And the first black Africans were brought to Virginia. With no slave laws in place, they were initially treated as indentured servants, and given the same opportunities for “freedom dues” as white indentured servants.

Chesapeake Bay Colonies
Chesapeake Bay Colonies

1630

They Flood the Chesapeake

During this time, 75,000 people immigrate to the Chesapeake Bay colonies, 50,000 of whom are indentured servants. The large majority of these newcomers are men.

1641

Slave Laws

Slave laws begin to be passed. Any small freedoms that had existed for black servants were taken by force. The black population were no longer indentured servants, they were slaves.

1642

Certification

The General Assembly passes laws regulating the time served by servants without indentures, requiring servants to carry certificates, prohibiting masters from hiring servants without proper papers, and punishing servants who become pregnant.

1680

Increasing Mistreatment

During this time, instances of indentured servants being mistreated and cheated out of their contracts grew exponentially.

1690

Rise of Colonial Slavery

By this year, enslaved Africans and African Americans account for nearly all of Virginia’s bound workforce. Slaves account for only 25 to 40 percent of the non-elites' workforce.

Signing the Declaration of Independence
Signing the Declaration of Independence

1775

American Revolution

The Revolutionary War begins and ends. The country is now free from British rule, but servants are still bound.

American Slavery Takes Over
American Slavery Takes Over

1830

American Slavery Takes Over

Indentured servitude has almost entirely disappeared and has been replaced with traditional slavery. Although this did encourage employers to hire more wage workers

13th Amendment Liberates Slaves
13th Amendment Liberates Slaves

1865

Civil War & Emancipation

The 13th Amendment is passed and officially abolishes slavery in America

Indentured Servant Certification
Indentured Servant Certification

1917

Abolishment

Indentured servitude is abolished in America.

 
The founding of Jamestown
1607

The founding of Jamestown

The Great Charter

Laws Concerning Indentured Servants

They Flood the Chesapeake

Slave Laws

Certification

Increasing Mistreatment

Rise of Colonial Slavery

American Revolution

American Slavery Takes Over

Civil War & Emancipation

Abolishment

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